Veterinary Technician Practice Exam

Which medical condition is primarily characterized by excessive thirst and urination?

1. Diabetes

2. Colitis

3. Hypothyroidism

4. Liver failure

The correct answer is: Diabetes

Excessive thirst and urination are hallmark symptoms of diabetes, specifically diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by the inability to properly regulate blood glucose levels. In this condition, hyperglycemia leads to increased urine production (polyuria) as the kidneys attempt to excrete the excess glucose, resulting in greater fluid loss. As a compensatory mechanism, the body signals increased thirst (polydipsia) to help replace the lost fluids. The other conditions listed do not primarily exhibit these symptoms. Colitis typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain. Hypothyroidism can lead to various systemic effects, but it does not primarily cause excessive thirst and urination. Liver failure can result in a range of symptoms including jaundice, vomiting, and edema, but again, not specifically excessive thirst and urination. Therefore, diabetes is the condition that fits the criteria outlined in the question best.